陶洁「美国文学选读」（第八单元）课后作业答案
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The main philosophical concern in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally about __________.( )
A. nature, man and the universe
B. the relationship between man and woman
C. the development of Romanticism in America
D. the cold, rigid rationalism of Unitarianism
PartⅣ The Literature Of Realism现实主义文学1860-一战前1914 1.
19世纪，美国现实主义文学：他们寻找描写美国人真实生活的方法，他们声称平凡的、就近的事件同重大的、遥运的事件一样都是艺术创作的源泉they sought to portray American life as it really was, insisting that the ordinary and local were as suitable for artistic portrayal as the magnificent and the remote. 2.
美国新的现实主义即自然主义大师们不再崇尚过去粉饰太平的写作方法，他们设法尽力客观，真实地展现出受环境与出身局限的下层人民和各种经济阶层人物的真正生活，他们强调世界的非道德性，他们认为，人们并没有意志的自由，他们的生活状况往往受到了生活的环境与自己的出身所局限;他们还认宗教上的“真理”是虚幻的，人类世俗的现实生活是痛苦的，死亡以后，一切又烟消云散了现实主义的分支
Naturalism: (in the late nineteenth century), American naturalism was a new and harsher realism. America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths. They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classed who were dominated by their environment and heredity, the naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by heredity and the environment, that religious “truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death.代表：Jack London: The Call of the Wild, Martin Eden; Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie Free verse is rhymed or unrhymed poetry free from conventional rules of meter; instead, it uses the cadences(抑扬顿挫) of natural speech.Poets famous for their works composed in free verse include Walt Whitman, Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, Amy Lowell and Carl Sandburg.
About the American Naturalism, which of the following statements is right?( )
A. They preferred to have their own region and people at the forefront of the stories.
B. Their characteristic setting is an isolated town.
C. Their characters were conceived more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces.
D. none of the above
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