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语言学教程胡壮麟重点总结_胡壮麟语言学高级教程怎么样

第1章语言学导论
Duality (二重性)
Duality refers to ‘the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primarylevel are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of two levels has its ownprinciples of organization.”(Lyons,1981:20) The property of duality only exists in the systemwith both elements (e.g.sounds,letters) and units (e.g. words).Primary units 'words'(meaningful)consist of secondary units ‘sounds'(meaningless).
二重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性,底层结构是上层结构的组成成分,每层都有自身的组合规则。二重性只存在于这样的系统之中,既有元素又有它们组合成的单位。上层单位"词”(有意义的)由底层单位“语音”(无意义的)组成。


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第1章语言学导论
Phatic function (寒暄功能)
The phatic communication means people always use some small, seemingly meaninglessexpressions or expression like slangs, jokes and jargons to help define and maintain interpersonalrelations.
寒暄功能是指通过一些短小、看似无意义的表述,或者俚语、玩笑、行话等来帮助确立和维持人际关系。

Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative,and____of language makes learning a language laborious.For learners of a foreign language, it is this feature of language thatis more worth noticing than its arbitrariness.[大连外国语学院2008研]
【答案】conventionality
【解析】语言学习过程中学习者必须识记一些固定搭配或约定俗成的习语谚语等,因此使得语言学习比较费力。

胡壮麟《语言学教程》第二章ppt_语言学教程第五版胡壮麟


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