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**部分 考研真题精选
一、填空题
1. Bacon has been called the father of _____, for his works established and popularized inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method.（武汉大学2015研）
【答案】modern science查看答案
【解析】培根被称为“现代科学之父”。
2. _____ is considered the first great English dramatist and the most important Elizabethan playwright before Shakespeare.（北京邮电大学2016研）
【答案】Christopher Marlowe查看答案
【解析】本题考查克里斯托弗·马娄的相关知识。克里斯托弗·马娄是英国诗人，剧作家，他革新了中世纪的戏剧，在舞台上创造了反映时代精神的巨人性格和“雄伟的诗行”，为莎士比亚的创作铺平了道路。
3. Geoffrey Chaucer’s work The Canterbury Tales gives us a picture of the condition of English life of his day, such as its work and play, its deeds and dreams, its fun and sympathy. _____ contains the story about the three rioters as narrated by the pardoner and his long moralizings and attempts to sell fake, “relics” to other pilgrims.（大连外国语大学2010研）
【答案】The Pardoner’s Tale查看答案
【解析】赎罪僧的故事——关于死神降临贪财者身上的劝世寓言故事。为了杀死“死亡”，三个年轻人遇到了一个老人，他说他们会在附近的树下找到他。当他们到达的时候，他们发现了一堆宝藏，决定待在那里直到天黑，然后在黑暗的掩护下把它带走。出于贪婪，他们互相残杀。
4. Of English drama in the first quarter of the 20th century mention should be made briefly of the theatrical activities in the two provincial centers of _____ and _____.（国际关系学院2010研）
【答案】Manchester; Birmingham查看答案
【解析】二十世纪早期，英国的两个戏剧中心为曼彻斯特和伯明翰。
5. Doctor Faustus, is a play by Christopher Marlowe, based on the German story Faust, in which a man sells his soul to the devil for _____.（武汉大学2015研）
【答案】knowledge and power查看答案
【解析】浮士德是魔法师和炼金术士，为获得知识和权力，向魔鬼出卖了自己的灵魂。
6. _____ is regarded as the third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest in the 17th century.（天津外国语大学2014研）
【答案】John Milton查看答案
【解析】弥尔顿是继乔叟和莎士比亚之后第三位伟大的英国诗人，也是17世纪英国最杰出的诗人。
7. “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested” is found in Francis Bacon’s _____.（北京邮电大学2016研）
【答案】Of Studies查看答案
【解析】本题考查培根作品。论读书是《培根随笔》中的一篇重要的文章，收于《培根随笔》一书中。《培根随笔》是英国随笔文学的开山之作，以其简洁的语言、优美的文笔、透彻的说理、迭出的警句，在世界文学史上占据了非常重要的地位。
8. The Rape of the Lock is a(n) _____ composed by Alexander Pope, which satirizes a minor incident by comparing it to the grand world of the gods.（武汉大学2015研）
【答案】mock epic查看答案
【解析】蒲柏的《夺发记》是最**的英语讽刺史诗之一。
9. James Joyce’s first published book, _____, is a collection of 15 stories, the most famous of which are “The Dead” and “Araby”.（天津外国语大学2014研）
【答案】Dubliners查看答案
【解析】乔伊斯出版的**本书叫《都柏林人》，收集了15篇文章，其中最**的是《死者》和《阿拉比》。
10. The novel _____ written by Dickens deals with the adventures of Mr. Pickwick, a retired old merchant, who is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club.（大连外国语大学2010研）
【答案】The Pickwick Papers查看答案
【解析】《匹克威克外传》是狄更斯的**部长篇小说，写老绅士匹克威克一行五人到英国各地漫游的故事。
11. _____ are primitive creatures obsessed with “pretty stones” they find by digging in mud, thus representing the distasteful materialism and ignorant elitism Jonathan Swift encountered in Britain.（武汉大学2015研）
【答案】The Yahoos查看答案
【解析】《格列佛游记》中的肮脏卑劣的人性兽“耶胡”。
12. Among the first dramatists to write for the popular playhouses was a group of young men called _____, because they had studied at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge. This group included Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge, and Nash.（北京邮电大学2016研）
【答案】University Wits查看答案
【解析】本题考查戏剧流派大学才子派。大学才子派是指16世纪80年代英国出现的一批受过大学教育的剧作家。大学才子派是莎士比亚之前的一个流派，为莎士比亚的创作提供了丰富的灵感与帮助。代表人物克里斯托弗·马洛是大学才子中最有才华、成就**的一个，在文学史上享有“诗剧的晨星”“英国悲剧之父”的美誉。他是莎士比亚以前英国戏剧界最重要的人物，也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人。
13. Beowulf probably existed in its oral form as early as the _____ century and its hero and his adventures are placed in _____ and southern Sweden rather than in England. （国际关系学院2010研）
【答案】5th; Denmark
【解析】《贝奥武甫》最早在公元五世纪开始口头传诵，故事发生在丹麦和瑞典南部，诗中并没有提及英国。
14. Cordelia is a character in _____, one of the four great tragedies written by _____.（大连外国语大学2010研）
【答案】King Lear; William Shakespeare查看答案
【解析】《李尔王》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。故事讲述了年事已高的国王李尔王退位后，被大女儿和二女儿赶到荒郊野外，成为法兰西皇后的三女儿考狄利娅率军救父，却被杀死，李尔王伤心地死在她身旁。
15. In more than one sense Alexander Pope was the most important English poet to come out of the 18th century. For one thing, he was the best known and the most influential not only in England but in the Europe of his time, and his _____, in rhymed iambic pentameter, took the stage and became the dominant vogue in poetic creation on both sides of the English Channel.（天津外国语大学2014研）
【答案】heroic couplet查看答案
【解析】蒲柏的诗多用“英雄双韵体”。他的许多词句写得工整、精练、富有哲理性，有些诗行几乎成为格言。蒲柏是**位受到欧洲大陆关注的英国诗人，他的著作被翻译成欧洲许多国家的文字。
16. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of _____.（北京邮电大学2016研）
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